Journal: Cancers

Article Title: Nanoparticles as Physically- and Biochemically-Tuned Drug Formulations for Cancers Therapy

doi: 10.3390/cancers14102473

Figure Lengend Snippet: Examples of nanoparticles responsive to biochemical features of the tumor microenvironment.

Article Snippet: Testing the derived nanoparticles revealed the optimal performance of diselenide bond-including paclitaxel dimers (in terms of response to reductive conditions) included in the Pluronic ® F127 nanocarrier (in terms of accumulation at the tumor site and therapeutic effect in a xenograft model of triple-negative breast cancer).

Techniques: Starch

Journal: Cancers

Article Title: Nanoparticles as Physically- and Biochemically-Tuned Drug Formulations for Cancers Therapy

doi: 10.3390/cancers14102473

Figure Lengend Snippet: Examples of antibody fragment-functionalized nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery.

Article Snippet: Testing the derived nanoparticles revealed the optimal performance of diselenide bond-including paclitaxel dimers (in terms of response to reductive conditions) included in the Pluronic ® F127 nanocarrier (in terms of accumulation at the tumor site and therapeutic effect in a xenograft model of triple-negative breast cancer).

Techniques: In Vitro, In Vivo

Journal: Veterinary Sciences

Article Title: Tumor Growth Progression in Ectopic and Orthotopic Xenografts from Inflammatory Breast Cancer Cell Lines

doi: 10.3390/vetsci8090194

Figure Lengend Snippet: Tumor growth parameters of IPC-366 and SUM149 cell lines in ectopic and orthotopic models.

Article Snippet: The human triple-negative inflammatory breast cancer cell line SUM149 was obtained from Asterand, Inc. (Detroit, MI, USA), (RRID: CVCL_3422).

Techniques: Injection

Journal: Veterinary Sciences

Article Title: Tumor Growth Progression in Ectopic and Orthotopic Xenografts from Inflammatory Breast Cancer Cell Lines

doi: 10.3390/vetsci8090194

Figure Lengend Snippet: IPC-366 and SUM149 xenotransplanted mice, paraffin sections, H-E. ( A ) IPC-366 ectopic xenotransplanted mice. Neoplastic cells arranged in solid masses separated by a scant fibrovascular stroma infiltrating the adjacent dermis (inset: neoplastic cells infiltrating adjacent dermis). ( B ) IPC-366 orthotopic mice. Unencapsulated and densely cellular mass extending into the adjacent adipose tissue. ( C , D ) Ectopic and orthotopic IPC-366 xenotransplanted mice. Tumors are composed of highly pleomorphic cells with marked anisocytosis and anisokaryosis. Binucleated cells are commonly seen (arrow). ( E , F ) Ectopic and orthotopic SUM149 xenografted mice. Solid tumors infiltrate the dermis and adipose tissue. No histological differences were found between the types of SUM149 xenografts. ( G ) Orthotopic SUM149 xenograft. Medium to large round cells with a moderate eosinophilic cytoplasm and large nuclei with one or more evident nucleoli. ( H ) Orthotopic SUM149 xenograft. Presence of neoplastic cells with an elongated and empty cytoplasm that displaced the nuclei to the periphery, suggestive of endothelial-like cells (ELCs) (arrow). Atypical mitoses were frequently seen (arrowhead).

Article Snippet: The human triple-negative inflammatory breast cancer cell line SUM149 was obtained from Asterand, Inc. (Detroit, MI, USA), (RRID: CVCL_3422).

Techniques:

Journal: Veterinary Sciences

Article Title: Tumor Growth Progression in Ectopic and Orthotopic Xenografts from Inflammatory Breast Cancer Cell Lines

doi: 10.3390/vetsci8090194

Figure Lengend Snippet: Estrogen receptor (ER), Progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) expression on ectopic and orthotopic xenografts from IPC-366 and SUM149 cell lines.

Article Snippet: The human triple-negative inflammatory breast cancer cell line SUM149 was obtained from Asterand, Inc. (Detroit, MI, USA), (RRID: CVCL_3422).

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: Veterinary Sciences

Article Title: Tumor Growth Progression in Ectopic and Orthotopic Xenografts from Inflammatory Breast Cancer Cell Lines

doi: 10.3390/vetsci8090194

Figure Lengend Snippet: Steroid hormone secretion studied (P4, DHEA, A4, T, DHT, E1SO4, and E2), on ectopic (subcutaneous) and orthotopic (mammary fat pad) models of IPC-366 and SUM149 xenografts.

Article Snippet: The human triple-negative inflammatory breast cancer cell line SUM149 was obtained from Asterand, Inc. (Detroit, MI, USA), (RRID: CVCL_3422).

Techniques:

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: The novel amino-artemisinin derivative WHN-11 disrupts mitochondria and protein homeostasis, and induces autophagy and apoptosis in cancer cells

doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-05284-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: Novel artemisinin derivatives exhibit anti-cancer and anti-cancer stem cell activity ( a ) Heatmap showing the IC 50 values (in µM) of artemisinins screened against non-cancerous MCF-12A epithelial breast cell line, TNBC cell lines: HCC1937, HCC70, MDA-MB-231; non-breast cancer cell lines: 501 melanoma, HCT116, HeLa and U87 cell lines. DHA – dihydroartemisinin ( b ) Percentage tumoursphere forming efficiency (%TFE) of cells cultured in AIG media and treated at a single-point concentration of each compound (50 µM) or DMSO for 7 days; % TFE = [total number of tumoursphere formed / number of cells seeded] × 100%. Data shown as averages ± SEM (n = 3) and statistical significance were determined using one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s multiple comparisons test. Significance levels relative to DMSO-treatment are indicated as * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01. ( c ) Representative images of colonies formed in a clonogenic assay for treated HCC1937 cells cultured over 9 days. Following solubilization, average absorbance at 570 nm (A 570nm ) ± SEM (n = 3) was measured. Statistical significance was assessed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison test, where significance levels are indicated as *** p < 0.001 and ns—not significant. 5FU: 5-fluorouracil ( d ) Caspase activation in treated HCC1937 cells using Vybrant™ FAM Poly Caspase Assay Kit. Data shown are MFI average ± SEM (n = 3), where significance levels are indicated as * p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001 and ns—not significant using a two-tailed student’s t-test analysis. ( e ) Western blot analysis of PARP-1 and Caspase-3 activation in treated cells, tubulin was used as a loading control. GA: geldanamycin (see Supplementary blot figure for full length blots).

Article Snippet: The triple negative breast cancer cell lines HCC1937 (ATCC: CRL-2336), HCC70 (ATCC: CRL-2315), MDA-MB-231 (ATCC: HTB-26), the cervical carcinoma cell line HeLa (ATCC: CCL-2), and colon cancer cell line HCT116 (ATCC: CCL-247) were purchased from the ATCC.

Techniques: Activity Assay, Cell Culture, Concentration Assay, Clonogenic Assay, Comparison, Activation Assay, Caspase Assay, Two Tailed Test, Western Blot, Control

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: The novel amino-artemisinin derivative WHN-11 disrupts mitochondria and protein homeostasis, and induces autophagy and apoptosis in cancer cells

doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-05284-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: WHN-11 promotes protein ubiquitination and turnover in HCC1937 cells. ( a ) Confocal analysis staining of ubiquitin in untreated cells or cells treated with 2 µM MG132. Representative images shown (n = 3). ( b ) Mean of the Corrected Total Cell Fluorescence (CTFC). Data represent averages ± SD (n = 3), where significance levels are indicated as ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 and ns–not significant using two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post-test. ( c ) Direct chymotrypsin-like proteasome inhibition activity assay in cell lysates. ( d ) Proteasome activity after overnight pre-treatment of live cells prior to lysate preparation. Data shown are averages ± SEM (n = 3), where significance levels are indicated as *** p < 0.001 and ns—not significant using One-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s multiple comparison test. ( e ) Quantitative analysis of the mRNA copy number of Hsp70 in treated HCC1937 cells. Data shown are averages ± SEM (n = 3), where significance levels are defined as * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 and ns—not significant using a two-tailed student´s t-test.

Article Snippet: The triple negative breast cancer cell lines HCC1937 (ATCC: CRL-2336), HCC70 (ATCC: CRL-2315), MDA-MB-231 (ATCC: HTB-26), the cervical carcinoma cell line HeLa (ATCC: CCL-2), and colon cancer cell line HCT116 (ATCC: CCL-247) were purchased from the ATCC.

Techniques: Ubiquitin Proteomics, Staining, Fluorescence, Inhibition, Activity Assay, Comparison, Two Tailed Test

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: The novel amino-artemisinin derivative WHN-11 disrupts mitochondria and protein homeostasis, and induces autophagy and apoptosis in cancer cells

doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-05284-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: WHN-11 promotes formation of autophagic vesicles and lipid droplets in HCC1937 cells. ( a ) Acidic vesicular organelles (AVOs, white arrows) detected with acridine orange dye in cells treated for 4 h with 0.1% DMSO, 10 µM WHN-11 or Hanks’ Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS). Yellow arrows indicate unstained vesicles. Quantitation of ( b ) fluorescence intensity of AVOs and ( c ) number of cells with AVOs. Data represent averages ± SEM (n = 3), where significance levels are indicated as * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 and *** p < 0.001 using a One-way ANOVA. ( d ) Lipid droplets (white arrows) stained with Nile Red dye in cells treated for 4 h with 0.1% DMSO, HBSS or 10 µM WHN-11. Z depth panel shows 3D z-stack of equivalent depth. Representative images shown (n = 3).

Article Snippet: The triple negative breast cancer cell lines HCC1937 (ATCC: CRL-2336), HCC70 (ATCC: CRL-2315), MDA-MB-231 (ATCC: HTB-26), the cervical carcinoma cell line HeLa (ATCC: CCL-2), and colon cancer cell line HCT116 (ATCC: CCL-247) were purchased from the ATCC.

Techniques: Quantitation Assay, Fluorescence, Staining

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: The novel amino-artemisinin derivative WHN-11 disrupts mitochondria and protein homeostasis, and induces autophagy and apoptosis in cancer cells

doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-05284-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: Activation of apoptotic and autophagic signalling pathways in WHN-11-treated HCC1937 cells. ( a ) Western blot analysis of LC3B lipidation in cells treated overnight with 10 µM WHN-11 and for 4 h with 2 µM chloroquine (CQ). Actin was used as a loading control. Ratios indicated are normalized to the untreated control. Representative blot shown (n = 2). See supplementary blot figure for full length blots. ( b ) Time-dependent treatment of cells with 0.1% DMSO or WHN-11 for caspase-3 and LC3B activation. Actin was used as a loading control. Ratios of LC3B-II: LC3B-I and cCas-3:Cas-3 are normalized to the untreated control. Representative blot shown (n = 2). See supplementary blot figure for full length blots. ( c ) Immunoprecipitation of GFP or GFP-Bcl2 complexes in lysates (input) for HEK293T cells transfected with pLV-eGFP (untreated control) or GFP-Bcl2 and Beclin1-FLAG for 48 h and treated for 3 h with 0.1% DMSO, Hanks’ Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS), 5 µM colchicine or 10 µM WHN-11. Representative blots shown. Analysis of the average fold difference ± SEM (n = 3) of Beclin1-FLAG levels in immunoprecipitates relative to GFP-Bcl2 and normalized to DMSO treatment (taken as 1), where significance levels are indicated as * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01 using a two-tailed student’s t-test. See supplementary blot figure for full length blots.

Article Snippet: The triple negative breast cancer cell lines HCC1937 (ATCC: CRL-2336), HCC70 (ATCC: CRL-2315), MDA-MB-231 (ATCC: HTB-26), the cervical carcinoma cell line HeLa (ATCC: CCL-2), and colon cancer cell line HCT116 (ATCC: CCL-247) were purchased from the ATCC.

Techniques: Activation Assay, Western Blot, Control, Immunoprecipitation, Transfection, Two Tailed Test

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: The novel amino-artemisinin derivative WHN-11 disrupts mitochondria and protein homeostasis, and induces autophagy and apoptosis in cancer cells

doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-05284-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: WHN-11 disrupts mitochondrial function. ( a ) Analysis of Bcl-xL expression in treated HCC1937 cells overnight. Data indicate the mean fluorescence intensity ± SEM (n = 3), where significance levels are indicated as * p < 0.05 using a two-tailed student’s t-test. ( b ) Cellular ATP levels quantified in treated cells. Data shown are averages ± SEM (n = 3), where significance levels are indicated as * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 and *** p < 0.001 using a two-tailed student’s t-test. ( c ) Mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) measured by JC-1 staining in treated HCC1937 cells. Data shown are averages ± SEM (n = 3) of the relative percentage ratio of red to green fluorescence, where significance levels are indicated as ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 and ns–not significant using a two-tailed student’s t-test. ( d ) Confocal analysis of the mitochondrial morphology indicated by TRAP1 and Bcl-xL staining in treated HCC1937 cells. Representative images shown (n = 2).

Article Snippet: The triple negative breast cancer cell lines HCC1937 (ATCC: CRL-2336), HCC70 (ATCC: CRL-2315), MDA-MB-231 (ATCC: HTB-26), the cervical carcinoma cell line HeLa (ATCC: CCL-2), and colon cancer cell line HCT116 (ATCC: CCL-247) were purchased from the ATCC.

Techniques: Expressing, Fluorescence, Two Tailed Test, Membrane, Staining